What is the USGA Definition of Course Rating, Slope Rating, Bogey Golfer and
                   Bogey Rating?


                   Course Rating:  A rating reflecting the playing difficulty of a course for scratch
                   golfers under normal course and
weather conditions.  It is expressed as strokes
                   taken to one decimal place, and
is based on yardage and other obstacles to the
                   extent they affect the scoring
ability of a scratch golfer.  Course rating is
                   equivalent to the better half average o
f a scratch golfer's scores under normal
                   playing conditions.

                                                     
                   Slope Rating:  Slope rating is computed by the following formula:  Bogey rating
                   minus Course Rating multiplied by (5.381 for men, 4.24 for women).  

                  
                  
Bogey Golfer:  A bogey golfer is a player with a USGA Handicap Index of 17.5 to
                   22.4 strokes for men and 21.5 to 26.4 for women.  A male bogey golfer can hit tee
                   shots an average of 200 yards and reach a 370 yard hole in two shots at sea level.
                   A female bogey golfer can hit tee shots an average of 150 yards and reach a 280
                   yard hole in two shots.  


                   *Contrary to popular opinion, a player's handicap is intended to show a player's
                   potential, not a player's average score.  
                 

                   Bogey Rating:
  Bogey Rating is the measurement
of the relative difficulty of a
                   course for the bogey golfer under normal course and
weather conditions.  It is
                   based on yardage, effective playing length and other
obstacles to the extent
                   they affect the scoring ability of the bogey golfer.  Bogey r
ating is equivalent to
                   the better half average of a bogey golfer's scores under
normal playing
                   conditions.  The USGA calculates the typical score a bogey golfer
would shoot
                   on a golf course in good conditions to determine the Slope Rating.  It
does this
                   by evaluating in detail what a typical bogey-per-hole golfer would shoot.

                   Statistics have determined that the difficulty of a course will impact bogey golfers
                   more than scratch golfers, and the Slope Rating is a measure of this difference.
                   It is expressed by a number from 55 to 155, with 113 being the average Slope
                   Rating.  A course that poses difficulty and leads to higher scores by bogey golfers
                   will have a higher Slope Rating than a course that is less challenging. 
                  
                   Some real world examples:  John Conrad is a par 72 course with a course
                   rating of 70.1 from the mens/white tees.  The slope is 115.  The USGA is saying
                   the average bogey golfer, taking the better half average of his scores,
                   (example 20 rounds of golf, then take his best 10 scores) will average shooting
                   91.5.  91.5 - 70.1
(difference between bogey rating minus course rating) =
                   21.4 (21.4 X 5.381 =
115)  Typical scratch golfer should average shooting 2 under. 
                  
                   From the Championship tees, the course rating = 72 and slope = 124.  USGA

                   says average bogey golfer will shoot 95.  95-72 = 23.  23 X 5.381 = 124.
                   Typical scratch golfer should average shooting even par. 

                   Lincoln West is a par 71 course with a course rating of 67.9 from the white tees.
                   The slope is 119.  The USGA has determined, based on factors such as length,
                   obstacles, etc., a bogey golfer will average shooting 90.  90-67.9 = 22.1.
                   22.1 X 5.381 = 119  Typical scratch golfer should average shooting 3 under.
                  
                   From the Championship tees, the course rating = 69.8 and slope 124.  USGA

                   says a bogey golfer will average shooting 93.  93-69.8 = 23.2 X 5.381 = 124 
                   Typical scratch golfer should average shooting one under. 

                   From the Tournament Black tees, the course rating is 72.2 and the slope is 131.
                   USGA says bogey golfer will average shooting 96.5.  96.5 - 72.2 = 24.3. 
                   24.3 X 5.381 = 131.  Typical scratch golfer should average shooting one over.  

                   Firelake is a Par 70 course with a course rating of 68.5 from the white tees.
                   The slope is 116.  The USGA says a bogey golfer will average shooting 90.
                   90 - 68.5 = 21.5.  21.5 X 5.381 = 116.  Typical scratch golfer will average
                   shooting 1.5 under. 

                   From the Blue Championship tees, the course rating is 71.1 and slope is 124.
                   USAG says a bogey golfer will average shooting 94.2.  94.2 - 71.1 = 23.1.
                   23.1 X 5.381 = 124.  Scratch golfer will average one over.

                   Now let's have some fun.  You will see why course ratings and slope are
                   important to bogey golfers.  Let's say you and your buddy are going on a
                   golf vacation to Florida.  You are a bogey golfer (18 handicapper) and your
                   buddy is a scratch golfer.  Now you want to make an even bet when you
                   get on the first tee box of a course.  You can see on the scorecard the course
                   is a par 72 with a course rating of 72 and a slope of 124.  Your buddy should
                   shoot even par on a normal day because the par and course ratings are the
                   same.  But, now you must figure what you should shoot but you don't know
                   the bogey rating.  You don't want to say to your buddy "I'm a bogey golfer/18
                   handicapper so I should get a stroke a hole" because you would be cheating
                   yourself.  Take the slope (124) and divide by 5.381 = 23.04.  Add this to the
                   course rating and you get 72 + 23.04 = 95.04.  So now, you know your
                   average score on this course should be 95.  Therefore, you should get one
                   stroke per hole on 18 holes + 2 strokes on the five toughest holes; 18 + 72
                   = 90 + 5 = 95.